By Michael Johnathan McDonald

History Renaissance: History Western Civilization

In Florence Italy about 1350 AD is considered the birthplace of the Renaissance (Reawakening of the classical ages).


Key estimated dates: Italian Renaissance (c. 1350-1500)
Key estimated dates: Northern Renaissance (c. 1500-1600)

Western Civilization was in the Middle Ages, called the dark Ages  (in later renassiance periods by Italians, as a recation to th realization that they knew little of their former hisotrial progenetors) for approximately 900 years. The Arabs had taken advantage after the leftist destroyed Roman Civilization. During the later stages of the Roman Empire, a citizen calling themselves a Romen was comparable to  calling themselves, murderors, rapists, and/ or harden criminals.  The leftist got what they wanted in a Arab controlled North Africa and many key places in Europe. Rome fells because of its gulty conciousness. Then some oppertunity ideologies of some prominate Arabs controlled these access to the ‘far east’ making trade impossible unless you converted to Islam and gave tribute to them; Most of the time they turned away any European from the oceans. The trade routs to materials that were essential in building and maintaining civilizations was not allowed the Europeans. The appeasement of the Arabs by the left party in the middle to late stages of the Roman civilization appeased the Arabs to finally take over control of the ‘eastern access’ routs. Only in the late 13 Century did the Arabs world dominance began to break with the same situation that caused the fall of Rome. Their equivalent of the Left-wing appeased the Europeans and thus fighting and bickering caused dissension and a break up of unity under the various rulers of the Arab Empire. This caused some ‘free trade’ ( Used in modern time meaning) to open up certain Arab leaders to do business with Europe and put out of work their own ethnic people in order to get cheaper labor abroad. This was in Eastern Europe. This allowed an opening of materials to flow into Northern Italy which will see the beginning of a reawakening of the its past: Classical Age reborn.

It was all started by trade rout to the Indies (India and China) by way of the fall of the Arab civilization that was splintering into pieces their own control. This brought a need to traffic goods and services to other regions, mainly places that were off-limits to the Arabs prior to the disintegration of their empire. This was not wide spread at the beginning. In fact, only thirty-thousand are said to have joined in the establishing this change of thought and business of civics. The basic reason for the change was that money from burgeoning western merchants now wanted to establish fame along with their fortune by building beautiful homes and architecture.

The collapse of the Ancient world about 500 AD ushered in what is known as the Middle Ages. It was a Floridian (Florence) that gave the name “Dark Age” to that time period. This is because he saw how dark and uncivilized the period was. There were a few things that made it that way. One is that the Arabs controlled the passage ways (Oceans) , so westerners could not trade and developed like normal times in the Roman and Greek ages; Two, the result of the dire economics the period sustained made schooling almost impossible for the public. Three, the constant wars by other tribes looking for money took a person from living in piece and openness to building castles that kept people out. The fear of the Middle Ages, of other tribes, peoples, conquering and small wars of a certain region was often and anticipated. This made the Feudal system flourish with its knights controlling the people by force (Military States) and the Aristocracy (Land Owners) financed them to keep themselves safe from the massive poor populace. It was nearly impossible to move up in society when one would be born this way. This was key. This was also part of the ‘monolithic’ control of the Church throughout the Middle Ages. They, the Church, single handedly keep leaders and people in tight fisted control. This was called Stratified Privilege: Nobles, Clergy, Peasants – no middle class and rarely advancement into a upper class. The monolithic Church was all domineering and centralized power: A type of Communistic perversion practices by Stalin and Mao, respectively of there governments.

One of the inventions of the Middle Ages was the University (reinvention: Plato began what is known as Academia, the first University recorded).

Architecture in Middle Ages was Gothic; Like the spires that reached up 150 feet and pointed to heaven. This was a reminder that man was nothing and God was everything. A human is nothing, by nature are sinners. We are guilty, unless the Church can give us Salvation. God is more important than man.


One thing that was a major technology aspect to the fall of the Middle Ages was the development of superior warfare that could defeat the longtime indestructible knight. The knight was almost impenetrable to a foot-soldier. This changed with the invention of gunpowder and armor piercing long-bows ( Scottish). At Once, a Castle was not impenetrable anymore. A simple cannon shot to the underpinnings of the bricks of the outer wall ‘ could ‘ make the entire structure collapse, bring down the entire fortifications. Simple, the cannon could blow the castle’s walls down.

This change the authority, in that, it was now challenged by commoners. This caused a change. The nobles now had to let free their serfs and renegotiate contracts with them. This allowed serfs to be free and get paid a decent living (Comparable to being slaves, that is).
The unseating of the nobles, whom were in cohorts with the Church, now splintered-off. This breaks up the dominance of the Church leading to freer thought. I the general area of reading and writing, the Guttenberg Press (c. 15th Century) started to print books, that widely were read. Before the books were copied by hand and were extremely expensive. Now, readily available to the general public, who were numbered about 90% became literate. This changes the entire scope of things as old books are brought in to be examine of its freedom content ( Greece and Rome Democracy) and will cause the church to issue a 100 year religious war to keep these books banned to suppress the natives of the ideas of freedom. Although, there are extremely a large number of authors who would let the public know what was happening, including Nostradamus.


The money started to change the perspectives of Florentines. This caused an new artisan community who, with the retrieval of the classical works ( books) of the ancients, took the ideas and expanded ( copied) on them. The disintegration of the Church created a move away from the “ God is everything,” toward the “ man was created in Gods own image” thought to humanize people. This pushed western civilization out of the “ dark ages’ into the ‘ the age of humanities’ ( the Renaissance).

Humanism in not atheist at all: All it means is that we are the dominant creature on this earth, as the Bible tells us. The Bible tells us that “God made man in his own image.” Not the animals or the plants as, many, atheist tell us.

The flash point of the Renaissance was northern Italy. Italy had the best trade rout advantage over all of Europe in this regards. This coincided with the re-marketing strategies of the Arab who controlled all passageways to the east. This will change with the discovery of the “New World.” This is the Americas.

For Italy, Merchants became rich. Instead of hiding their money, they decided that to get attention like the nobles, they could build monuments (art-works) and buildings and stamp their names to them. This, they believed, brought them immortality (fame). Merchants like to dress in expensive clothes and adornments to tell the public, look I am doing well. This brought on what we know today as health ‘capitalism.’ That is competition between rival merchants: Friendly competition that is.

After the discoveries of the books of the ancients, the Italians fell in love with ancient Greece and Rome culture. The word Renaissance means, literally, rebirth of culture of the classical times. 1350-1500 periods is the Floridian flash point of the Renaissance. This meant that the rest of Europe was still in the “Dark Age” period. The rest of Europe would still be in the Dark Age until about the 1500s. For example, one of the leaders in the French Renaissance period was Nostradamus (1503-1566). He helped, with his secretary, and others form the French language. For all intensive purposes, we call this the beginning of the modern times.

Back to the term; The Italians named the Middle Age, the dark ages, because that is what it was looking like as they moved out of that age. So, the key remembrance is that Florence Italy is the birth place of the Renaissance.

Artwork: the change in the painting styles drastically showed one dimensionality conversion to a three-dimensionality form. The art imitated civics as well. Man/Women came out of hiding, out of fear of invasion, and participated in the community/city in which he/she lived.

Key Phrases for the dark ages are: Closed castles, world full of violence, insistence voice of the church, concern for private comfort.

Key Phrases for the Modern era are: openness, such as open gardens (i.e. parks in those days)

People: Leon Battista Alberti: Master Builder of the Renaissance.
1404–72, Italian architect, musician, painter, and humanist, active at the papal court, Florence, Rimini, and Mantua. Alberti was the first architect to argue for the correct use of the classical orders during the Renaissance. His ecclesiastical works include the exteriors of the churches of San Francesco in Rimini (begun 1451), Sant' Andrea in Mantua (c. 1470), and part of the facade of Santa Maria Novella in Florence (c. 1458–70). On the facade of the Palazzo Rucellai in Florence (c. 1452–70), Alberti used tiers of superimposed classical orders, as inspired by such antique buildings as the Roman Colosseum. Alberti was the author of several important treatises on the visual arts. His De re aedificatoria, written c. 1450, became the first printed book on architecture (1485). Although largely dependent on Vitruvius, it was the first modern work on the subject, and it included important new material. His treatise on painting (1436) was the first book in this field to treat theory as well as technique. His treatise on sculpture (c. 1464) was another pioneering work in its field, and it was significant for its discussion of human proportions (Alberti).

Alberti’s main concern was the banker system to usher in merchant money to build a new Florence. Merchants agreed they would bring fame and immortality to the city. Alberti realized this was the rebirth-revival, a term that became known as the renaissance.

Leading humanist of Italian renaissance was Francis Petrarch.


Another figure who closed the door on the Middle Ages and ushered in the Renaissance era is Francis Petrarch (1304-1374). The change to modern thinking of good and evil are relative to the perspective of the individual and can be deduced to this saying of the man they called the “Father of Humanism.” Although one can be sure this is a old observation, re-awakened at this period by Petrarch: “To begin with myself, then, the utterances of men concerning me will differ widely, since in passing judgment almost every one is influenced not so much by truth as by preference, and good and evil report alike know no bounds.”

This rebel widens the door of perspective, in that, people could now think for themselves instead of the church doing the thinking for them. This may have been a good idea, because church became too powerful – thus corrupted by its leaders, the Church (or its message) is not necessarily the bad guy. For example, it was sacrilege to disagree with Aristotle, who got many things wrong in his observations. One was that man and women both have the same number of teeth. Aristotle would never had made this mistake if he simply checked his wife’s mouth. The new man was now inquiring: A dangerous perspective, in history, when we look back to the time when Athenic democracy made up false accusation against Socrates. All Socrates was guilty of was inquiring ( See: Free Speech). The Church fought back as hard as they could; but now, the money issue was not in the hands of the Church. The people could simply borrow money from the new Florence bankers who were getting a nice banking system in place because of the new merchants.

Petrarch, like Socrates, doubts everything. “what is the nature of man.” – A reawakening of the Socrates’ manifold directive. “ the study of Man.” – A term most used to describe the physical examination of the body parts by, none other than, Leonardo da Vinci ( Who was 200 years ahead of the time of body examination note: that only recently his writings were discovered that he was dissecting human cadavers and jotting down the physics of it). So, it was Petrarch who was given the term of creating what is known as the “ Humanities.”

Leonardo da Vinci was a master of many trades. He wanted everyone to go out into the world ( like natures gardens) and discover life this way. This meant that even in those days entertainment, such as plays, or parties, took too much time away from appreciating and enjoying the world around them ( Today TV does the same distraction for many people in the world). He wanted people to do this so they get a sense of diverse facts. “ all the physical world should be all analyzed,” is a paraphrase of da Vinci’s comment about this subject. He visualized and sketched helicopters ( imitating birds abilities to flight) , tanks, cannons, artillery ( for protection of Europe against the bad guys; Arabs at that time). He also devised a way of chemical warfare. He would take chalk and place it in dead corpses and let it rot to disease status, then harvest it, dry it, and process it. After this was done he would grind it. Then, his soldiers, of course, wearing masks he designed would let the tiny particles, of the grinded up powder, blow down-wind onto the enemy troops, hopefully penetrating their eyes and stinging them to blindness.


Many other men and women too made up the conversion in Florence, Italy. The spirit of the Universal man is born, and the modern age is weaned from its womb. As part of the civics involved in this massive change would be that education is rapidly offered to all’; this is in order to educate the public into why the need of the change.

The Northern renaissance was more of a religious thing than the secular Italian renaissance was. The Northern Renaissance means anything outside the Italian boarders concerning the renaissance. The nations that benefited from the trade routs opening up were coastal countries, such as , Holland, England, France, Portugal and Spain.. Italy was eventually locked out do to the cheaper materials coming in from the Americas.

Some key terms and things to know are:
Italian Renaissance:
Leading humanist was Francis Petrarch. (secular)
Northern Renaissance:
Leading Humanist was Erasmus of Rotterdam. (religious)

Some histirians see the Netherlands as the cultural center of the northern Renaissance.

The Northern Renaissance wanted to research the lifestyles of the early Christians. They wanted to get back to living the correct way the Lord wanted them to. Erasmus wanted to see the Church reformed. Erasmus said to himself, then to others. I have to be able to read the originals, so I do not get the spin the Church has put on them. By now, the Church promoted that the pope had almost the same powers as Jesus Christ. For example, he could determine if a person should go to heaven or to hell. Nowhere in the Bible does this say this. To understand Christians we need to read the original Bible. So an effort to retrieve all the original manuscripts would be a great mission of his. He did it wonderfully. At that time the Bibles were written in Latin and properties of the Church, albeit ,most were in the hands of the Monks in monasteries and the Clergy used rough drafts to carry on them. Erasmus search hard to travel to monasteries to search out original manuscripts.

Erasmus searched for the new testaments original manuscripts and put a tremendous effort in transcribing, translating, and reproducing the found Old Testament documents. He did a reliable job and now in the European continent there was a reliable and more accurate Bible. He was the one who made the Bible more understandably available to the masses. He did a great job. His whole theory was that like a Christian, ‘Freely give and Freely Receive. He wanted to stop the church’s corruption of what the original term deffraieur in old French language implied: a pay-off. Relative of bishops would stack their own families into jobs that would pay them well with public funds. The tax of the Dark Ages was that of all the Church’s programs. If you were not protected by the church, then no rights laws were afforded to you. For example, if you were excommunicated from the church, anyone could beat you up or kill you and nothing would be done to punish that, or those, persons. The Church was ran like what we call today a mafia: a corrupt-criminal family.

Although all the churches were not unchristian, as described above, the overwhelming number of churches tried to run an honest outreach to its public. Erasmus only focused his wrath on the unchristian churches and those who belonged to them. This is why it is said that he “wanted reform from within.”

The Roman Catholic Church, at that time, [ the people who ran it] “considered itself the only legitimate church in the world.” This meant that the Greek Orthodox Church was out in the cold when money and important decisions were to be made. (think of a rankling mafia). Got so bad that comparing the era of Akhenaton’s, 18th Dynasty, when the term Pharaoh first came into use, meaning “ Divine King,” indicating that the ruler was like the god in his powers: the termed himself as the “prime representative,” or “highest ranking” next to god. This position and usurpation gave the Pope the same powers as Jesus to judge man. In fact, when the indulgences came out into the European communities and cities, the documents said, in essence, that the powers of the Pope could determine your fate by how much money you gave to the Church- were talking extreme coercion, and extreme corruption here. In order for the Church to keep the citizens down was to cut off education to the populace.

All humans have sinned the people of the European continent, during the Middle Ages, had to rely on the Catholic Church [ the people running it at that time] to save them. AS long as the Church promoted dependence, of the humans, onto the church for salvation and not Jesus Christ and his message, then they could extract your little money you had earned from you. Either that, or excommunication, followed by death of a church official assassin.


Sir Thomas More (humanist, lawyer, family man, Roman Catholic saint and martyr, Lord Chancellor of England) was born in London, England in 1477 or 1478 and was executed in that same city in 1535. One traditional way of understanding his life and work is to view these in the context of the intellectual background of his age. Viewed in this conventional way, More can be seen as a renaissance man of a particular type known today as a Christian Humanist (Barrie).

Protestant means ' Protest" they protested against the control freaks who promoted no freedom - The Catholic Church.

The reformation took Rome by surprise, first the Pope didn’t think it was for real and just a passing fad.
As it caught fire, an attempt to silence Luther became Rome’s plan.

Reformation:

What did the reformation do?

1. It took the middle man out, i.e. the Central control that was held by the extreme leftist for more than 1000 years.
2. No more monks.
3. No more confessions (pay the Church a confession fee).
4. Luther said “ their could still be bishops and Cardinals, but no Pope” (no absolute leaders).
5. Church goes out of the land owning business: Sent lands back into the heads of state.
6. Result: Church had lost huge incomes from taxing the people on the land and these revenues for them diminished, further, their control lessened during the next centuries.
7. Everything to go plain and simple (Think of the Puritans of America). No fancy clothes, no gold cups and chandeliers; no fine linen and drapes; no expensive buildings and expensive decorations; no paying for indulgences and no paying for prayers; No more Latin in the services, use a language that can be understood by the practitioners; No more non-participation in services, now everyone would have to sing hymns and take part in the wine of communion (not just the Priest). For example, in 1960s the Catholic Church, so left-wing, an unbending, waited until then to change over from Latin to a language being spoken in the communities in which it held services in. Luther introduced active participation in services.

When the reformation takes off only northern Germany goes Lutheran. The south remained Catholic. For example, in the Americas, South and Middle America go Catholic ( Spain and Portugal) and remain Feudal and North America goes Protestant and goes ballistic in progress department.

Germany of course the place of the first break away from the Catholic Church is where the Rome began to kill the breakers. Just like Stalin’s communism, they needed the land and the money it brought in and would kill all of the reformist to remain in power. So these were not true Christians running the Church, but representatives of the Devil on Earth.

As a general rule of thumb, the Prices subjects ( his territories) had to follow what he chose in religion of war would breakout ( at this time). If you didn’t follow him, either one had to move, or fear retributions and possible murder. Some Prices began to Change to Protestant and later more would. Then persecutions of non-Princely decrees followed on both sides of the religions (issues). It ended up that towns broke into two sections, usually across some sort of a divide. A stream was a good divide, for a city, if it ran through the middle of a town upon a lake or a larger body of water. One side went to the right of the lake and the other side went to the left of the lake. They glared at each other from across the water wanting to kill each other because of their guilt. The stairs gleamed at each other. The Holy Roman Emperor tried to hold it all together. In 1529 a Meeting was called for to solve some of the problems. “Let bygones be bygones" was a message promoted at the meeting. However, the Catholic Church said it would stop the murdering of Protestants when the Protestants pay back taxes and dues, and give them back the land that the Church stole in the first place. The Protestants told the Catholic Church - NO! Get Lost! You are the Antichrist like Luther said (talking about the Pope who called Luther the son of the devil and Luther called the Pope the Anti-Christ; the bickering war of the two important).

So nothing was solved and the wars resumed.

Finally in 1555, a truce is negotiated in Germany. Just stopped the fighting, but no issues were resolved. Lay down the weapons.

This is called the Peace of Augsburg.

Who was going to decide which religion to follow? It almost was another Council of Niece. Where Arias was fighting with the leftist party to control what the Bible said.

Suspicion remained intact, yet the Catholics were told to disarm and the Protestants being the minority were allowed to keep their weapons. Although, they had to give up their proselytizing what remained was an uneasy peace.


In the south of Germany in the Alps, Switzerland, inhabitants settled on separating counties by counties, because German settlers brought in Luther’s teachings. Switzerland inhabited, them by French, Italian, and Germans began to read the Bible. Even thought, till this day, the counties are broken up into two camps, the reading of the Bible themselves was one of the things that led Europe out of the Dark Ages back into the light.

A person named Zuingli started to work hard to reform all of Switzerland. The Church got upset it would lose the little money left coming in from the broken districts sent an army to kill the Protestants. The suppression was on, just like Stalin or Mao sending in the troops to force the slaves backing to submission. After the battles people were complaining about picking up all the blood and now after reading and literacy began to play a role in understanding this Catholic doctrine of extreme leftist suppression. The kings wanted the fighting to stop, so they decided on the system of separation between the two religions and to allow the Protestants Freedom of Religion. The leftist people who controlled the Church at the time had lost. Literacy actually obliterated their stranglehold on submitting all of Europe. The damage was dome the right fought because they saw the lies and some leftist arose from ignorance to grasp the plan of the 1000 year reign of horror (suppression) of the taken over Devil-controlled Church. All of this was accomplished by people becoming literate. That is why it is extremely alarming that the left have control of the teaching institutions and have made so many new laws in the last 30 years that California has dropped from first place in the world for education to second to last place in the world and seems to not be going anywhere for a long time. One will notice the Hollywood, the entertainment capital of the World, does not halt its endless cartoons and sitcoms and silly talks (emotional programs like Jerry Springer) to take kids away from learning to read, write and do mathematics. If people call it a conspiracy, fine it is, and it is real. I have personally talked to teachers that told me the reality and that it was my job to accept it, or feel bad about myself, because it brings guilt. I believe it only brings guilt if you suppress it and not talk about it in the open. Yet, are you willing to lose your life and income over speaking out about this? Well this is the same things that were happening to the decision making during the time of the Protestants. Were they to suppress their guilt of stand up and fight back? Unfortunately, it has not gone that far yet that the takes of the left wing have caused an rebellion in California yet.

In France at the time, there were 15-17 million people living there. They were Catholic to the core. Although at the University of Paris

They were allowing the Luther papers to be discussed and this was a strong point of the king at the time to allow this, the allowing of the Spanish inquisition to kill-off suspected protestants frightened the people, that, in fact, we will never know the real number of people who had the Protestant leanings during this time. It was a dangerous devil out there and the Catholic Church was running the pitch-fork full throttle.


England
Renaissance

King Henry VIII was a Flamboyant, grandiose, and absolute Power King (1509-47 AD). Henry VIII, born in 1491, was the second son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. He is from the Tudor family. The significance of Henry's reign is he ruled by intimidating his parliament to take the fall for his corrupted decisions to putdown women and poor.

His six marriages were a result of his desire to have an heir and someone in whom could tolerate his passing ways. People think he is fat by the movies his character has portrayed, but he was thin most of his life until his diseased kicked in later in life where he turned obese; Most possibly a glut at the end. Henry, determined to provide a male heir to the throne, decided to divorce Katharine and marry Anne Boleyn. He needed a way out so he looked to Parliament to take the blame.

He is described as intelligent, quick thinking and did what he wanted. Everything a person could wish for right? At that time in history the king was regulated ( See Common Sense Middle Ages), but he manage to get around this by threatening the families of the parliament with death to get them to vote for laws and measures that would be looked down upon by the public. Parliament was in place since the middle ages to keep a check on the Kings power. They would debate and offer solutions if the king was taking advantage of his people. This double government system is a immature-pre-guide to our current American system of three-sectors of rule. England at the time was two sectors that being a Socialist Parliament, who made up laws of the land, and the Kingship, that of the ruler, who was the ordained ruler and took final responsibility. In ancient Egypt the Pharaoh ultimately took praise or blame considering how the country was doing. If it did good then the Pharaoh was praised as ‘great ruler’ if the country was going bad he took all the blame. The same is in today’s American system that the presidents get all the praise and blame for ultimately how the country did under his reign.

The king’s decisions with parliament were big deals. They could make war or levy taxes. Moreover, the two could counterbalance the other so no one sector would have to much power. However, (Hist. note: 2000-03 political correctness in U.S.A. colleges says the Henry was clever for his corruption) Henry VIII made his decisions under the cover of the Parliament.

“Make sure parliament passes a tax increase." Henry would say, or he would threaten the members with death. This was called the “Blame Parliament Theory." It works today in modern politics in America. Hillary and Bill Clinton had 900 FBI hidden under their bed in the White House (Source AP) and allegedly used this information to threaten their enemies in the Congress. For Example, when Newt Gingrich lambasted the former president about his affair of the intern, an outside affair from marriage, in public the White House leaked that Gingrich, himself, had a mistress for some-odd years and thus was a hypocrite. He stepped down. He was important to the Republic party. The Starr Report listed over 200 important people connected to scandals of the president that somehow ' instantly died' unusually. In a conspiracy theory backlash the reader might want to thing of Niccola Machiavelli and how he said ' use conspiracy theory cover-up' when you do evil things. Don't let the public know that you were the murderer - call it a conspiracy.

Anyway, Luther was making his bid deal in Europe and ol’ King Henry VIII had a birthing problem with his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, and had to find a way to get his desires of a heir.

Henry read the letters of Luther and wrote to the pope. " I do not like this guy." So the Pope wrote back and said, OK, I give you the title of " defender of the Faith."

He thought possible the pope will send a person, his way, to make some silly excuse to annul the marriage. This didn’t happen. Henry sent three letters and never got a reply. His wife was the sister of the Holy Roman Emperors wife and the Pope was afraid that if he annulled the marriage the Holy Roman Emperor King, Charles V, would assassinate him and bring an army to Rome. Under normal circumstance he would get an Ok by the Pope. Not in this case. This caused Henry to make a break from the Church. So the significance was that Reformation did not cause an English break-away as much as this probable. At first, Henry put pressure on the Pontiff. First, he restricted the Church in major decisions of England, later, he takes over the Churches land in England depriving Rome of taxes and tribute; and then Henry said to hell with the Church. He pressured the Parliament to make, decree, laws of England independence form the Church, next law was that Henry was the Head of the Church of England (Now this is the significance of the Church of England to this day). Also, Henry forced parliament to make laws of taking the land away from the Church in England. This way the Parliament was to blame and not Henry in the eyes of the people. So, purely Henry's personal reasons brought a reformation to England and not Luther.

The Church today is called the Episcopalian Church.

Reform in Eastern Europe like Poland was Catholic. Also, Hungary. Yet, many Germans settled in these parts bring with them Lutheran changes. The Baltic’s go the way of Protestant ( Which means protest), so the reformation spreads. 1545 a Land Church Council meets. This is called the Council of Trent.

All the Bishops of the Catholic Church would come over a ten year period to form plans and solutions how to retrieve what they lost. This ultimate plan was to get the Pope involved. Yet, he did nothing at the time in the forms of reformation (Change himself) he said, ' everything should stay the same.'

How to combat the spread of Protestantism was the main issue at the council. To do this, it involved the thing called "the Index." This was a list of books and writings that were forbidden by the Catholic Church. This was to keep damaging thoughts of freedom away from the populace. The pope put seals and stamps in Books that alerted the readers that this was an OK book to read. Many scientific books as Calvin and Lather’s writings were forbidden.

Also, out of the Council came a Spanish man named Jantitiu Loyola, He had been through many wars and was wounded in battle. He walked with a limp. He claimed himself as a militant Christian Soldier (Soldier of Christ). He went to the pope to help in his cause. " I want a new order of monks, not the type of Dark Age monks, but warrior monks. A new designed order to fight and recover the territories for the Catholics Church."

Out came the society of Jesuits. This means the Society of Jesus. The official name was ' The order of Jesuits." He wanted a popular name as most to get the word on everyone lips.

Here was the strategy.
1. Accept men only ( Most likely to fight in battle).
2. The order makes an entrance exam on intelligence - must pass to be member. No matter what field.
3. Be well education.
4. Join order and be dedicated to it.
5. Establish indoctrination schools for bringing back Catholicism to the people by establishing the best education system around , but with the indoctrination included. Also, make it that any person could go to this school. The affects of this was that once the Protestant saw that the education was top-notched, they sent their own children and people there. You could be old too. Many Protestants received a well to do education, yet, managed to turn to Catholicism in the process. The plan was working, but, later it worked too good.
6. Plan six was for the Jesuits to infiltrate the all the society institutions at the leader level. This way they could further indoctrinate the society. This is what we call a conspiracy, yet, it was a working one that was too successful. When the Kings saw that they could only go to a Jesuit doctor or a Jesuit politician in a town for the leadership discussions they became frightened and started to expel them from their boarders. For example, a King got sick he would have a Jesuit doctor look over him, because they were in the key leadership positions. Today we see this as the plan of the left-wing in America from the middle 1950s to the end of the '90s. They controlled most of the Media and Education system and indoctrinated their politics ( political correctness) into the education system. This brought around the same effects as the Catholic Church of centralized controlling where freedom was squelched. The Church suppressed education in order to control the populace, as feudalism shows ( money is involved as well), and this is comparable of California the eight largest economy in the world in which the Federation of Teachers and all the other teacher unions are in charge with maintaining California learning standards which have in the last 30 years sunk from first place in the world to second to last in the world. ( According the Department of Education - National NAEP, and other assessment testing).

So the left-wing wants to control all the media and education to put forth a stranglehold on the ideals of the next generation which has worked because America's college campuses and now many K-12 ( Where you cannot show your politics) are anti-America. This is according to plan. That indeed Fidel Castro Dictatorship or Mao land control and centralized power bases are preferred by the left-wing controlling the California institutions.

So the repeatable pattern exists and this is how it is played out on the scale of time.

Now the Jesuits were too powerful at one point and the King had to do something. So wide the influence of the order was that an emissaries were sent to China to try to convert the Chinese King at the time ( to turn him Catholic). Unfortunately the Chinese didn't adapt. All of this the Jesuits army was to reconquest the souls of the populace. In order for the cash to go back to centralization for the control of the mind , as once did in the Middle age of Feudalism.

The reason that Rome fell and then went into the dark ages, is because Leftist won over the controls of the Media and Education of Rome and down when the cohesion that made Rome a superpower. The same happened in Athens, Egypt, Sumerian and now is happening to America. All the said disasters in the history books and the wars and conquests by other tribes ( Peoples) could have been dealt with if Rome did not fall from within and the people's cohesion were solid. Only a rational smart person could comprehend this and not make an emotional ' snap judgment ' about any particular natural cause of conquering peoples. It is just not the case. By the time troubles and tests hit Rome where its resolve would be all the people coming together to fight a single cause, it was too late and destructive and partisanship ruled the population to the point of throwing the baby out with the bathwater. In other words, one party would not put its differences behind them to join in collective fight to battle these troubles. The key to every great civilization is it starts small and extreme conservative to become huge and extreme leftwing. This follows the pattern of beginnings and the endings, in respect, to all history forms of 'democratic' government in great civilizations.


So this Jesuit war, was in fact not Christian but a counter-Reformation to win back money control of the leftists who had infiltrated and controlled the Roman Pontiffs ( At this time in history).

For instance the Jesuits saved Poland and Hungary from the Protestants ( look what happened to these countries after) and made converting back to Catholicism fashionable. A trick employed by the left-wing, like parading around their wealth on Communist celebrations days (national holidays).

The Jesuits never made it complete because a few light bearers fought long and hard to keep the darkness from returning to all of Europe. When some of kings and nobles who were protestant or neutral but saw that the damaging educational system was now turning into gutter education and indoctrination to the blatant ( Remember most scientific books remained on the Index, so how could the Jesuit schools preach anything but the old technology system). The leaders decided to restrict the on flow of the aggressive ignorance (Something else that is associated with leftist) of the Jesuits. They were pulling too many strings, they had too much control, and they wanted to put a stop to them.

This would be about the time of the end of the Reformation. Most of the wars of religion were halted by peace treaties that let the Protestants (the minority; about 10% in France for instance) keep armaments to ward off potential attacks by the Catholics. The Catholics were finally disarmed and told not to make war against the Protestants. In return the Protestants were not supposed to Proselytize to the communities.... Fighting stopped, but later there would be one large Religious war to be fought.

Key dates: Italian Renaissance (c. 1350-1500)
Key dates: Northern Renaissance (c. 1500-1600)





Work Cited:

Alberti, Leon Battista Infoplease.com 2003.Alacritude. Valley College Col. Lib. Sept. 6, 2003. <http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0803082.html>.

Barrie, Robert. HWC 22: "Who Owns the Past?" 2003. Hypertext Introduction to Italian Humanism. <http://artemis.austincollege.edu/acad/hwc22/Renaissance/readings/Italian_Humanism_Hyper.html>.

Francis Petrarch Familiar Letters

Copyright © 2003 Michael Johnathan McDonald. Book of Life. All rights reserved.